Brand story dicussion questions chapter 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brand story dicussion questions chapter 6 - Essay Example Their constantly similar product offerings and the customer’s satisfaction associated with them ensures a steady demand for their products. A & F uses many aspects of branding its products that are memorable. The first of these is their prominent mouse logo which consumers learn to associate and identify with the brand. Secondly, their use of sexuality and appealing advertising which they incorporate by the use of attractive models makes them memorable. These images are used on their shopping bags as well as in store pictures making it easy for consumers to associate and identity a A & F products. Adding retail store atmospherics to strengthen a brand message is something A & F has effectively been able to do over the years. Their aim by incorporating elements like music, fragrance and lighting that is soothing and attractive is to give their customers a full brand experience. It differentiates them from their competitors and they are hence recognized for providing these elements. A possible disadvantage of doing so could be due to the strong use of sexuality and nudity to market their products can raise concerns as some parents would not want their impressionable children to be subject to such advertising. Also the strong cologne, loud music and harsh lighting can make it an unattractive option for some customers who find it distracting. I find the atmosphere and the use of loud music, strong fragrances and dim lighting as negative aspects of A&F’s shopping experience. I find that these aspects are overdone and unnecessary and constitute to a sensory overload and distraction. Also, I find the use of extremely good looking models as an intimidating aspect. It is no doubt a effective advertising tactic; the use of attractive models exuding sex appeal and an direct association of these elements to the brand leading the customers to believe a purchase of their

CPA vs. Non-CPA Essay Example for Free

CPA vs. Non-CPA Essay Many people may ask, â€Å"What are the differences between being a CPA and just being a non-certified CPA,† there are actually a lot of differences between the two. A CPA or Certified Public Accountant is someone who has a license to practice public accounting that is issued by their State Board of Accountancy. CPA’s, in contrast, have normally studied or majored in accounting during college, sat for the CPA exam, worked in an accounting firm for at least two years, and completed 500 hours of auditing work in order to earn their certification. CPA’s are also required to complete a certain number of continuing education hours in order to keep their CPA license. A CPA can complete all three types of financial statements including: audited, reviewed, and compiled. â€Å"Non-certified accountants can simply hang up their shingle and open their doors for business† (Day). For non-certified accounts there are no educational requirements, however, in order for them to prepare taxes most states require that they complete a certain number of hours of the study of accounting and also complete continuing education hours per year. Non-certified CPA’s can only complete the last type of financial statements which is complied. The main question is how to choose whether to choose a CPA or non-certified CPA. â€Å"It has to do with the concept of free enterprise. Remember the old adage, Caveat Emptor? It means let the buyer beware† (Day). It is the client’s responsibility to choose the most qualified professional. Obviously, the auditing and review types of financial statements cost more than a complied one but some banks require a review of your books in order to receive a bank loan, so it would be in the clients best interest to have a CPA they trust already. Work Cited John Day. Theme: CPAs vs. Non-CPAs. 2008. Web. 27 November 2011. http://www.reallifeaccounting.com/pubs/Article_Theme_CPAs_vs_Non_CPAs.pdf

What is a Valentine :: essays research papers

Heart-shaped, lace doilies stuck to red construction paper with glue dripping from edges. Tootsie pops poked down the middle of a Care Bears valentine. On the desk just a few seats over, handfuls of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles valentines telling you to â€Å"Cowabunga into a radical Valentine’s Day!† Pencils with heart-shaped erasers placed delicately on the corner of each student’s desk by a favorite second-grade teacher. Valentine’s Day of years past seemed so simple, but with the years, our memories change just as we do. Valentine’s Day was not just another holiday in grade school. All holidays meant a party, but on Valentine’s Day the room moms always brought extra candy and streamers galore. As kids, we knew this day was our chance to waste an entire day of learning just to spend hours dropping unmarked valentines in each classmate’s brown paper bag mailbox. Okay, so we actually did some work, like our vocab in the morning while the moms set up. Still, it was just like a snow day! Come high school, even eighth grade, the parties became extinct. The importance of our education was stressed now more than ever. Grades started â€Å"counting† towards college, driver’s ed became essential, and you no longer told Tommy Too Cute that you liked him through a valentine; instead, you asked him to the Sadie Hawkins dance. Things had changed. Suddenly it was just a Hallmark holiday to you and your single friends. Enter college. At this point, if you were dating someone in high school who was your valentine, a number of scenarios were possible, including, but not limited to: 1. The guy/girl turned out to be a complete jerk and is now dating your ex-best-friend who still has your favorite shirt in his/her closet. 2. He/she chose a scholarship out of state over you (as if!). 3. You were just too strong to be held back by the chains of commitment and opted to wring out his/her heart like a soaked kitchen towel. Choose your scenario then consider why you are single on this Valentine’s Day in college. Realize that being single is not something to be upset over. Look around at all of your friends, your family, even your roommate. This year celebrate with one of them. Spend that $3.49 on an overpriced pop-up Hallmark card. Stuff your face with a giant heart-shaped box of Walgreen’s chocolate. Rent Sleepless in Seattle and cry.

Immune System and New York Essay

HIV And Its Effects Elizabeth Grundy Psychology 102 Dr Peggy Peach October 10, 2001 HIV And Its Effects 2 HIV AND Its Effects The effects HIV has on a person, symptoms, risks, history and prevention will be explained. HIV is on a rise among sexually active people. According to Packer (1998), HIV, the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), is a member of a family of viruses. The first member HTLV-I and related to STLV-I researchers believe they both have a common ancestor in Africa. (P.13). This will be explained in the following questions: 1. What are the symptoms of HIV? 2. What are the risks to getting HIV? 3. What is the history of HIV? 4. What is the treatment for HIV? This research paper on HIV will be focused on these four questions. 1. What are the symptoms of HIV? According to Nash (1997), when a person infected with HIV has symptoms such as fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy (persistent, unexplained swelling of the lymph nodes), but no opportunistic infections (illnesses that healthy immune systems fight off) or Kaposi’s sarcoma, he is said to have AIDS-related complex (ARC). The acronym ARC is not used as frequently as it was in the early years of the epidemic. AIDS is now thought of in term of a HIV continuum. It begins with HIV-positive diagnosis in a person who is not experiencing any symptoms. It continues to a symptomatic stage in which the person has opportunistic infections, HIV and Its Effects 3 andKaposi’s sarcoma, or any of the conditions previously used to define Arc, and the HIV-positive continuum ends with full-blown AIDS diagnosis (p.22). 2. What are the risks to getting HIV? According to Nash (1997) No one is safe if his or her behavior is not safe. You do not get HIV because of a group you belong to; you get HIV from exposure to the virus. HIV can be contracted through unprotected sex with an infected person, by sharing needles when using drugs, or by tattooing or piercing body parts with a needle that has been used on an infected person. (P 24). According to Draimin (1995) the four common most ways HIV can get into the  body, Dirty needles used to inject drugs, unprotected sexual intercourse, mother to fetus or new-born baby, and blood transfusion. (P.11) HIV is transferable through any kind of sexual contact: heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual. The means of transferring the virus is unprotected sex. The safe guards against contracting HIV are to have sex only when you are ready, to know your partner, and to protect yourself from possible infection every time you have sex by using a condom. The HIV virus, like some other viruses cannot live outside the body. It is killed by air. HIV requires a warm, wet place to live and be carried only in blood, sexual fluids, and possibly saliva. Sexual transmission of HIV means that the virus goes from fluid to fluid (semen, vaginal, and blood). The virus has to pass from fluid to fluids to stay alive. (Pp25-26) 3. What is the History of HIV? HIV and Its Effects 4 Hyde and Forsyth (1 996) In 1981, when the first mysterious cases of an unusual type of pneumonia began to appear, scientists have accumulated a large body of knowledge about HIV. The first alarm sounded before aids even had a name, when doctors realized that some formerly rare diseases were becoming common among homosexual men in the United States. The first well-documented cases of what was later called AIDS were found in San Francisco and New York in 1981. A young gay man in San Francisco was found to be suffering from severe fungal infection to which he had little immune reaction. In fact, his immune system did not respond to any disease. Then he developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), a type of pneumonia that is caused by a parasite. This disease is usually found only in severely malnourished individuals or people who’s immune have been impaired by drugs such as those used in treatment of cancer. (p.56) According to Nash (1997) In 1982, three non-drug -injecting heterosexual men with hemophilia A developed AIDS and were reported to CDC. Hemophilia A, a blood -clotting defect, requires transfusions of blood-clotting factors derived from whol e blood. (p.29) In June 1981 the first report of what AIDS, published by CDC described the new disease as a collection of characteristics symptoms among various population groups. It was a narrow definition, involving the presence of one or more opportunistic infections or cancers, and signs that general failure of immune system had occurred. (Nash, 1997) 4 What is the treatment for HIV HIV and Its Effects 5 According to Nash (1997) AIDS symptoms typically takes years to develop after the initial infection.  Scientists are researching what they call immunotherapy. Vaccines to prevent or stop a disease from taking hold; immunotherapy intervenes before symptoms arise and rids the body of infection. Management drugs have come out such as; Azidothymidine (AZT), this is the first of its kind. It interferes with HIV reproduction inside the cell; it slows the process of AIDS down. An HIV- positive person who takes AZT before AIDS symptoms appear lives longer than those who did not. Dideoxycytidine (ddC) and dideoxyinosine (ddI) offer another approach to combine therapy. Death rates are lowered when ddC and ddI were taken in combination of ddC and AZT or ddI and AZT then those patients who took AZT alone. Ampligen-, which did not help the patients when administered, alone-used in combination with AZT increase the effectiveness of both drugs. Epivir (3TC) became the first new initial therapy since AZT. The combination therapy of 3TC and AZT lowered the amount of HIV in patients and boosted their immune system. Invirase (protease inhibitor) is designed to cripple an enzyme vital in late stages of HIV reproduction, which is used in combination of other anti-HIV drugs. They reduce the levels of the virus in some people and increase the number of immune cells in some patients previously depleted by the virus. In 1996 Ritonavir, another protease inhibitor was also approved. HIV and its effects on those we know and love are about learning to manage the illness. People need to practice safe sex and to and to pay attention to safe behavior. HIV and treatment have come along way. Medical science has along time to go before a cure. HIV and Its Effects 6 References Packer, K. (1998). HIV Infection The Facts You Need To Know. New York: Venture. Draimin, B. (1ed)(1995). Working Together Against AIDS. New York: The Rosen Publishing group. Nash, C. (1997). AIDSs Choice for life. Springfield, NJ: Enslow. : Hyde, M., & Forsyth, E. (1996). AIDS What Does It Mean To You? New York: Walker.

Pearl Harbor Turning Point in History Essay

We chose our topic by making a list of possible topics that interested us and looking at the topics that were suggested by our teacher. We then researched a little bit, reading books and articles about different topics and events that happened in history. We finally decided on The Attack of Pearl Harbor, because it interested us the most. I began my research by going to the library to find out as much information about Japan and America during that era. Then, i began to search online for specific documents that gave insight on the attack on Pearl Harbor. After that, i began to look up video and other primary source documents. From that, my project began to evolve. The road to war between the United States of America and Japan began on the surprise aerial attack on the United States Navy base in Pearl Harbor on December 7th 1941. This was the first step that brought the might United States into the Second World War Relations between the two countries started to detireate in the early 1930’s when Japan started to become aggressive in Asia, mainly in Manchuria in 1931 and tried to start conquering the rest of China into 1937. Japan in 1940 decided to allied itself with the â€Å"Axis† with countries like Germany. This alone made us extremely interested in the topic After deciding on the topic of The Attack Of Pearl Harbor, we researched more about this event by going to the library, researching online, reading books, reading articles, watching videos, and looking at pictures from that day. There were many primary and secondary sources about this topic, which made it easier to research. There were also many pictures, which was surprising considering this event occurred in 1941. We decided to do a website for our History fair project. Once we determined our topic we realized it would be very difficult to find some time to meet up and work on the project, that’s when we thought to do a website. It would easy for both of us to access, since we both have computers at home. Also we don’t have to always meet up to work on it. This gives us both more time to add more information to our website and make it better. Our project about Pearl Harbor relates to the National History Day theme of 2012, turning points in history, because the attack itself was a turning point within a turning point. World War 2 was a turning point in our history because it helped to stop communism and the spreading of Adolf Hitler’s power. And The Attack of Pearl Harbor is a turning point in the war, the point when the United States decided to take part in the war. Before the bombs hit us, we wanted to stay out of the war. But after Japan mercilessly bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, we knew it was time to try to put an end to the axis powers. Without this attack, we wouldn’t have joined the war, and the war wouldn’t have affected us. And without the bombing, the axis powers probably would’ve had a chance of winning, so the US joining the war was a big turning point.

Definition and Examples of Prescriptivism

Definition and Examples of Prescriptivism Prescriptivism is the attitude or belief that one variety of a language is superior to others and should be promoted as such. Also known as  linguistic prescriptivism and purism.  An ardent promoter of prescriptivism is called a prescriptivist or, informally, a  stickler. A key aspect of traditional grammar, prescriptivism is generally  characterized by a concern for good, proper, or correct usage. Contrast with descriptivism. In a paper published in Historical Linguistics 1995, Sharon Millar defined prescriptivism as the conscious attempt by language users to control or regulate the language use of others for the purpose of enforcing perceived norms or of promoting innovations (Language Prescription: Success in Failures Clothing).Common examples of prescriptive texts include many (though  not all)  style and usage guides, dictionaries, writing handbooks, and the like.   Observations [Prescriptivism is the] policy of describing languages as we would like them to be, rather than as we find them. Typical examples of prescriptivist attitudes are the condemnation of preposition stranding and of the split infinitive and a demand for Its I in place of the normal Its me.  (R.L. Trask, Dictionary of English Grammar. Penguin, 2000)A prescriptive grammar is essentially a manual that focuses on constructions where usage is divided and lays down rules governing the socially correct use of language. These grammars were a formative influence on language attitudes in Europe and America during the 18th and 19th centuries. Their influence lives on in the handbooks of usage widely found today, such as A Dictionary of Modern English Usage (1926) by Henry Watson Fowler (1858-1933), though such books include recommendations about the use of pronunciation, spelling, and vocabulary as well as grammar.  (David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook Press, 2005)I think sensible prescr iptivism  ought to be part of any education.(Noam Chomsky, Language, Politics, and Composition, 1991.  Chomsky on Democracy and Education, ed. by  Carlos Peregrà ­n Otero. RoutledgeFalmer, 2003) Verbal Hygiene [T]he overt anti-prescriptive stance of linguists is in some respects not unlike the prescriptivism they criticize. The point is that both prescriptivism and anti-prescriptivism invoke certain norms and circulate particular notions about how language ought to work. Of course, the norms are different (and in the case of linguistics they are often covert). But both sets feed into the  more general arguments that influence everyday ideas about language. On that level, description and prescription turn out to be aspects of a single (and normative) activity: a struggle to control language by defining its nature.  My use of the term verbal hygiene is intended to capture this idea, whereas to use the term prescriptivism would just recycle the opposition I am trying to deconstruct.  (Deborah Cameron, Verbal Hygiene. Routledge, 1995) Language Wars The history of prescriptions about Englishof grammar texts, manuals of style and O tempora o mores-type laments- is in part a history of bogus rules, superstitions, half-baked logic, groaningly unhelpful lists, baffling abstract statements, false classifications, contemptuous insiderism, and educational malfeasance. But it is also a history of attempts to make sense of the world and its bazaar of competing ideas and interests. Instinctively, we find the arbitrariness of existence hard to accept. Our desire to impose order on the world, which means inventing the forms of language rather than discovering them, is a creative act. Furthermore, the quarrel between descriptivists and prescriptivists ... is a sort of mad confederacy: each party thrives on lambasting the other.   Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(Henry Hitchings, The Language Wars. John Murray, 2011) The Problem WIth Prescriptivists [G]eneral ignorance of grammar allows prescriptivists to impose nonsensical mandates and allows test-makers and test-takers to focus primarily on superficial error in language use.​(Martha Kolln and Craig Hancock, The Story of English Grammar in United States Schools. English Teaching: Practice and Critique, December 2005) Pronunciation: pree-SKRIP-ti-viz-em

Portland Road Improvements regarding ADA curb cut outs and improvement

Portland Road Improvements regarding ADA curb cut outs and improvement Description This work plan involves the planning of how ADA curb cut outs and improvements are to be carried out at Portland Road Improvements. This is a job that involves improvement of roads and footpaths.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Portland Road Improvements regarding ADA curb cut outs and improvement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The various workers in the engineering firm will be assigned the duties which, they are required to carry out. They will also be given the time frame within which they are supposed to complete the jobs. This is important in that it will enable timely completion of the job. Background Work plan is one of the most important activities in an organization. Organizations need to complete their activities in sated time so as to ensure satisfaction to all stake holders. Failure to complete their activities within the stipulated time may lead to losses. Customers loose faith in them and walk away or they maybe dissatisfied and they will not come back another time. It is for this reason that the topic was chosen. Work at Portland Road Improvements need to be planned well so as to ensure timely completion. Media that the presentation will be completed The representation of the work plan will be done on a PowerPoint. This is because PowerPoint can be viewed by a large group of people at a time and it is cheaper in terms of cost as compared to video and other media. On the other hand, it is easy to prepare a PowerPoint and it tikes less time as well. Activities to be completed A research is essential before any work is started. This will help in acquiring information on the work that is to be carried out hence; the firm will be able to carry out the job in the right manner. In carrying out the research, a literature review can be conducted to know what has been written in the past regarding the job the firm is about to carry out. Then an interview can be carried out. T he purpose of an interview is to gather more information from those who may have knowledge of the job. Once exploratory information has been gathered, a draft can be prepared, and then rehearsed before a final representation is done.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Roles of the group members For timely completion of the activity, roles are to be delegated to group members. Some members will be required to carry out the research and the literature review. The other group will be required to carry out the interview. The third group is to prepare a draft. The rehearsal will be carried out by all the group members as well as the final representation. Communication strategy The entire group will be meeting in a weekly basis to review the progress. In the meeting, members will also be required to report any problem they encounter and possible solutions generated by the g roup. Communication about the meeting will be through phone and mail. Resources required For effective completion of the activity, the group will need to have internet resources to assist them in their research, as well as, questionnaires which will assist them in data collection during interviews. Computers and maybe a projector will be crucial for PowerPoint presentation. The members might require some cash for travelling purposes. Risk assessment This topic is very important and need to be successfully completed. If it fails to be completed, the implications could be devastating since it could lead to failure of the entire project. It is therefore, important that the group complete the topic successfully.

Describing Sizes and Dimensions in Spanish

Describing Sizes and Dimensions in Spanish Here are three common ways to express measurements in Spanish. Deciding which ones to use is largely a matter of personal preference since they are interchangeable in most cases.   1. Medir   This verb, which is conjugated irregularly, generally means to measure. Examples: Mido cinco pies y cinco pulgadas de alto. (I measure 5 feet, 5 inches tall.) Los cientà ­ficos hallaron un fà ³sil que mide dos metros de largo. (The scientists found a fossil that measures two meters long.) 2. Tiene This verb literally means to have. It can be used to directly indicate dimensions. It also is conjugated irregularly. Examples: El centro comercial tiene tres kilà ³metros de largo. (The commercial center is three kilometers long.) Si antes tenà ­a cinco metros de profundidad, ahora tiene dos. (If it was five meters deep before, its now two meters.) 3. Ser de This is the rough equivalent of saying in English that something is a certain size. Note the use of the preposition de, which is not translated to English. This method of describing dimensions is less common than the other two. Examples: El rea es de 160 metros cuadrados. (The area is 160 square meters.) Las dimensiones del nuevo almacà ©n son de 25 por 70 metros, y la altura es de ocho metros. (The horizontal dimensions of the new warehouse are 25 by 70 meters, and its height is 8 meters.)

The Natural Disasters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Natural Disasters - Essay Example These two cases were of great significance to the governments of both nations and hence elicited responses as they occurred. The earthquake that took place in Italy provoked the government to declare a state of emergency and it dedicated all its attention towards the earthquake and the effect it had on the general Italian populace e.g. the prime minister of Italy, Silvio Berlusconi decided to cancel an official visit to Russia in order to pay a visit to and assess the area that had been hit by the earthquake. Such a declaration was not made in China. Relevant government officials undertook an assessment of the area and immediately got into directing their efforts towards combating the effects of the disaster and looked into disaster preparedness. It has been recorded that Italy had been warned of the earthquake by a seismologist but the government had decided to ignore it and decided not to act on it. China embarked on the mass disposal of the bodies and influenced the DNA tests that were meant to assist with the identification of the bodies yet Italy’s engagement in this is unknown. The governments of the two countries embarked on resettling the survivors and the displaced persons to areas of safety and took measures to ensure the people stayed off the affected areas to avoid the possibility of accidents and to maximize safety. The displaced persons were offered tents, food, and water among others. Both countries also arraigned necessary services e.g. medical, temporary academic and water, at the campsites.

Summary Assignment-See Instruction Please Assignment

Summary -See Instruction Please - Assignment Example In my opinion, cultural pluralism has brought more good than bad to all. It creates uniqueness in most areas. Most of the minor cultures, tend to live in the same areas and cities. This way, cities are diversified. Different cities are known for different kinds of things and the environment changes per city due to the difference in cultures of people. Food for example diversifies cultures as different groups eat different kinds of things. The culture to where people belong, for example Hindu, Mexicans, African American, identifies them with the kind of food they prefer eating and their origin. This kind of variety is beneficial to the states. This way, different food places and restaurants serve foods according to culture. Politically, the diversity in culture has enabled the representation of all minorities in the government. Representation of all minorities is vital as it ensures none of the citizens are left out due to their culture or beliefs(Jucan 2010). This is important as the government thus includes the ideas of many into consideration and creates a wide range of options in decision making. In the congress for example, the representation of all cultural groups ensures that all people and their ideas are aired and looked into by the state. This way, the country has peace and harmony as all groups and their cultures are well represented politically. Pluralism has created so many types of representation in arts. The kinds of music found and originating from America are impeccable. Different groups have different kinds of music in a wide range of languages. This is beneficial as it creates a uniqueness in the artistic world of the whole state. This way, artists and musicians can present themselves to the world with respect to their culture. The existence of pluralism is thus important as it creates identity for all, in the artistic world. Religion is a sensitive part of everyone’s lives. It identifies people

The sports industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The sports industry - Essay Example a sport or entertainment source, but also as an economic tool, the levels of professionalism, the industry’s profitability and income improvement levels in various nations where the sport is recognized and respected has risen tremendously. Primarily, the value of sports is a crucial topic for anyone trying to understand this industry must review. Considering a study by Deloitte, which was conducted first in 1992, and the last time it was conducted in 2013, the football industry has grown by 14 times from its initial  £170 million to its current value, estimated to be  £2.3 billion. Such growth levels indicate that this is probably one of the greatest drivers of the economy. In Europe, the football industry is one of the biggest industries with even venture capitalists investing in it. The value of the football industry has changed over a short period of time and this can be attributed to a number of features which range from exposure to increase in global interest in the sport (Sports Business Group, 2013). This growth in profits and revenues is not only accounted for by ticket sales, but also from endorsements from other companies and the invisible aspect of how much the football industry has improved other industries as well. Pay TV, for instance, is one of the industries that has greatly benefitted from football, with the increase in numbers of viewers and the development of more programs for the game. Media companies such as Super-Sport, ESPN, SKY sports and ITV digital are some firms that have reaped profits from football seasons impressively. Commercialization of the industry has also boosted its value appreciably. In 2012, the premier league was ranked as one of the highest grossing organizations in the UK. In just a mere season, the domestic rights for the broadcasting of soccer games were sold for over  £ 1 billion per year, which amounts to 18% of all domestic media rights in the UK. Secondly, the game attendance levels for the previous season were

Peter the Great's Reformation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Peter the Great's Reformation - Essay Example Peter instituted state wide reformation from military ranks to beard taxation, all of which helped Westernize Russia. These westernizing reformations forced Russia modernize, and adoption of European culture whether the people liked it or not. Peter the Great's most significant changes to the state were the improvements to the Russian military and also the expansion of the Russian industry. Throughout his reign, Peter the Great's ambitious westernizing reformation of the Russian military and industry transformed Russian into a strong and well respected European power at the expense of the countries laboring serfs. After the crushing defeat against the Swedish at the Battle of Narva, Peter the Great realized he had to reform the Russian military they wanted to stand a chance against the European powers. Although Peter's army was very large the soldiers were in sufficiently trained and inadequately equipped (Hosking). Peters officers and soldiers were not accustomed to fighting the European style battles involving open field. Peter knew that if he wanted match the European powers he needed to teach his officers western military tactics, modernize the weaponry for the soldiers, and raise funds to apply these changes. Peter also adopted European style uniforms for his army to express formality and contention to the Western powers. With this large, formal, advanced, and educated army, Russia could safely protect its newly acquired lands, contest European powers such as Sweden.

Leadership, coaching and mentoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership, coaching and mentoring - Essay Example onsibility from the perspectives of UK based a retiree with a major income stream from BP shares and a 25-year-old environmental conservation postgraduate university student as discussed below (Boxell and Crooks 2010, p.4). The management of the company have a fiduciary responsibility for the wealth of the shareholders (Weiss 2009, p.8). The shareholders expect the BP company managers as the UK based a retiree. The management is supposed to uphold and protect the image of the business. The oil spillage at the Macondo well in the Gulf of Mexico destroyed the reputation of the business. Scientist of various risks that their drilling activities could bring about had warned BP Company management. Despite these reports, the company took no notice and continued to dig well 5,000 feet in the sea taking no precaution to prevent the possible impact on the ecosystem should the incident as the oil spillage occurs. The management of BP Company is morally responsible for maintaining good public relation. The management authorized its technical team to sink drills that lead to an explosion at the Deep-water Horizon rig. The explosions lead to the death of 11 men. This destroyed the public relationship and lead to a legal battle. The UK based retiree expects the company to uphold good public relationship which will translate into a wider market and, therefore, high profitability. The company is responsible for cultivating trust in the public. The company had also falsified tanks inspections at Los Angeles-area refinery with 80% of the tanks failing to meet the set requirements on leakage. BP falsified other reports on the condition of the company’s pipes and tanks. This destroys the image of the business in the eyes of the public (Boxell and Crooks 2010, p.10). It is the moral accountability of management to instil trust and honesty between them and the employees in order to maximize the wealth of the shareholders. Trust and honesty would help BP to retain its talented

The Impact of Nursing Shortage on the Healthcare Industry Research Paper

The Impact of Nursing Shortage on the Healthcare Industry - Research Paper Example Population Aging and Increase Demand of Nurse’s 13 2. Variety of Career Options 13 3. Healthcare Cost Demands 13 4. Financial Assistance 14 5. Work Environment and Workload 14 Research Question 14 Chapter 2: Literature Review 14 Introduction 14 Nursing Staff Shortage and the Hospital Management 15 The Financial Crises and Nurse Shortages 15 Nursing Shortage Solution 16 Future Recommendation 17 Conclusion 18 Chapter 3: Methodology 19 Introduction 19 Evaluation Methods and Tools 19 Reliability and Validity 20 Maintenance of Data Integrity 20 Research Design 22 Research Methods 23 Participants in the Research 24 Obtaining of Permission 25 Chapter 4: Data analysis 26 Introduction 26 Results 27 List of Tables Table 1: Results List of figures Figure 1: Nurses rating based on customer satisfaction Figure 2: National Supply and Demand projections for FTE RNs, 2000 to 2015 Chapter 1: Introduction to the Problem Introduction The shortage of acute care nurses had been one of the primary concerns in the healthcare industry across the world. The issue created a substantial impact on the fitness activities efficiency in hospitals and healthcare centers. Several studies have shown that the nursing graduates entering in the nursing profession and those who are still in the occupation were not enough to facilitate the hospitals and patients. The healthcare professional shortage was one of the chief impediments in the achievement of United Nation’s Millennium Development goals to remove poverty, hunger, improvement of education systems, reduction in morbidity, and mortality as written in the guidelines of the year 2004 that are provided by the international nursing council (Littlejohn, Campbell & Collins-McNeil, 2012). The problem of shortage of acute care nurses had a relation to the past historical staffing, appointment, resources, nursing demand estimation, and nursing concerns for healthcare services of a country. The issue of shortage of nurses was not easily measureable and demands extraordinary planning and requirements. The relative shortages involved the accessibility of qualified and skilled professionals for the vacancy; however, they did not meet other criteria for employment (Dinsdale, 2004). The absolute shortage represents a situation that lacked availability of skilled people for a particular vacancy. The shortages may include the impact of fair consideration, geographical position, retention, and recruitment challenges meeting the replacement demands. The challenges to resolve nurse related issues included coordinated policies and package development to provide long term and sustained solutions (Buchan & Aiken, 2008). The nursing requirement could be fulfilled through the promotion of education as well as by the availability of facilities for the professional nurses to deliver sufficient care to patients. It could further assist in improving the community health and to attract more clients to the healthcare industries. Accord ing to the â€Å"Health Resources and Services Administration† HRSA report (2006) it was expected that the shortage of nurses would elevate up to one million till the year 2020. The

Leadership, coaching and mentoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership, coaching and mentoring - Essay Example onsibility from the perspectives of UK based a retiree with a major income stream from BP shares and a 25-year-old environmental conservation postgraduate university student as discussed below (Boxell and Crooks 2010, p.4). The management of the company have a fiduciary responsibility for the wealth of the shareholders (Weiss 2009, p.8). The shareholders expect the BP company managers as the UK based a retiree. The management is supposed to uphold and protect the image of the business. The oil spillage at the Macondo well in the Gulf of Mexico destroyed the reputation of the business. Scientist of various risks that their drilling activities could bring about had warned BP Company management. Despite these reports, the company took no notice and continued to dig well 5,000 feet in the sea taking no precaution to prevent the possible impact on the ecosystem should the incident as the oil spillage occurs. The management of BP Company is morally responsible for maintaining good public relation. The management authorized its technical team to sink drills that lead to an explosion at the Deep-water Horizon rig. The explosions lead to the death of 11 men. This destroyed the public relationship and lead to a legal battle. The UK based retiree expects the company to uphold good public relationship which will translate into a wider market and, therefore, high profitability. The company is responsible for cultivating trust in the public. The company had also falsified tanks inspections at Los Angeles-area refinery with 80% of the tanks failing to meet the set requirements on leakage. BP falsified other reports on the condition of the company’s pipes and tanks. This destroys the image of the business in the eyes of the public (Boxell and Crooks 2010, p.10). It is the moral accountability of management to instil trust and honesty between them and the employees in order to maximize the wealth of the shareholders. Trust and honesty would help BP to retain its talented

Managing Diversity and Executive Motivation Incentives Essay

Managing Diversity and Executive Motivation Incentives - Essay Example Though external forces, such as the political or economic environments in which a company thrives, serve as the catalysts for business decision-making, it is often internal issues which require the intervention of human resources professionals to make the business more efficient and productive. HR managers must understand the importance of managing workplace diversity while also addressing the broader needs of executives in terms of providing them with the motivation needed to perform to strategic expectations. Ignoring diversity tends to reduce overall firm productivity, undermining strategic objectives, and further serves to create internal conflict between diverse staff members (Women in Management Review, 2005). This project highlights the efforts of contemporary HR managers in managing diversity and building executive-level motivations to perform. Practically every textbook referencing management theory describes the managerial process as a series of planning, organizing, leading and controlling as a viable model for management behavior (Nickels, McHugh & McHugh, 2005; Mathis & Jackson, 2005). Planning represents the preliminary steps necessary to reach a specific management goal, organizing involves the tangible coordination of activities and staff to reach said goals, while leading represents a more psychological element of management which involves creating a positive climate as both a mentor and mediator. Further, controlling involves establishing clear and concise business standards to determine whether the firm is reaching its goal targets and offering rewards or punishments if the identified staff is not being productive or performing to expectations. Having offered the definitions of traditional management in modern business, it is important to understand how human resources professionals take these characteristics and utilize them to boost efforts toward managing diversity and building executive-level motivations. The definition of management tends to illustrate that even HR professionals, in order to carry out their roles as guiding forces for staff members, must utilize the four elements of management to create a more rewarding business environment. Diversity management is quickly becoming a paramount objective for business leaders in most developed countries as diversity has been known to enrich group work and lessen the impact of potential internal disputes or conflicts between different staff members (Aoun, 2007: 67). Under the value model of diversity, each individual aspect of the organization is valued for what is specifically brings to the organization (Griffin & Moorhead, 2006), thus

Research paradigm Essay Example for Free

Research paradigm Essay The research paradigm considered by the researcher in regard to this work included the consideration of packaging in special occasions and which factors companies should focus during the period of social occasion in order to make their packaging their selling point. During the festival seasons market is flooded with various gift options. Due to the competition various organizations offer attractive schemes and offers to allure the consumers. Consumers due to various kind of motives of buying gift which can be personal, individual, altruism, cultural, reciprocal and other reason wants to buy attractive gifts for the people within his circle from family to the friends and relatives. The competitions companies face to attract these customers comes from various sectors of the industry or outside the industry. Now a days even service organization have become very competitive and services can also be offered as a gift. In such case company faces all kind of product, generic, industry specific and other kind of competitions. The packaging decisions are one of the important aspects of the marketing mix which can not be ignored in such a competitive environment where everything needs to be perfect. This paradigm has been utilized many times in the study of packaging in special occasions for all the group of respondents. I. i. a. Sample selection The data sampling was randomly managed utilizing stratified means with sixty five questionnaires completed by both male and female retail consumers. The percentages of female respondents were higher than that of male. The choice to use retail consumers alone in this research was made for three reasons. †¢ First, it was far simpler to have access to consumers from retail organization in regard to the researcher’s availability. †¢ Second, the focus itself is on understanding attitudes and perceptions for the packaging of gifts in special occasions and retail organization is a place attracting major customers to buy gifts. †¢ Third, the quantification of such information allows the researcher to gain a broader perspective on how respondents observe and realize the meanings of different components of packaging during special occasions and how it impacts their buying behaviour. I.i. b. Reliability and viability Reliability for the researcher was achieved in the assurance that only a specified group of men and women were utilized in regard to the research. The focus of the research has been on the consumers from retail organization. These consumers from retail organization were approachable. Data was collected in the presence of researcher. This gave the research a more focused view of the research goal. The validity was managed as a result of this focus and emphasised in the considerations involved in the data collection, variables and sampling methods. Privacy and confidentiality methods included assigning numeric and alphabetic coding to each responding questionnaire. This ensured anonymity in regard to the researcher and the subjects of the research process. I. i. c. Sample size Approximately 100 questionnaires have been distributed to collect the information. However in 35 questionnaires the information was not completed and due to that these has been withdrawn from the studies. 65 fully filled questionnaires have been utilized for the purpose of study. I. i. d. Questionnaire design The questionnaire design was simple. The questions included in the paper are related to the attributes of the packaging. The time taken to complete the questionnaire was less due to its simple nature. Most of the questions are simple circle question where respondent has to make a circle around the most appropriate and applicable option. I. i. e. Data analysis and findings Analysis of information in regard to research managed by the researcher must include complete and full understanding of the questionnaire. This understanding focuses in the use of the questionnaire created specifically for this process. It is the considerations realized within the questionnaires, no matter their simplicity, that will focus considerations in later chapters of this work. Within this section of Analysis and Findings there will be measurement of all responses in regard to the questionnaire. †¢ Analysis strategy Analysis strategy included a full series of statistical diagrams of all information collected including positive and negative responses, gender variations and marital status. This strategy provided the researcher with a wider spread for the conclusions that became evident in regard to the researcher’s focus. This information was broken down into specific charts for the benefit of visual context. The visual context provided insight in regard to perceptions of packaging and considerations by consumers from retail organization in regard to the impact of components on them. These perceptions and considerations provide the researcher with evidence to support the hypothesis made in that effective packaging decisions during the special occasions will support organizations to delight the consumer. †¢ Awareness The researcher held awareness of the potential for study in regard to packaging during special occasion through many methods. Those methods include observation, interaction and extensive research. The awareness of the media discussions of packaging amongst collegiate level men and women and the similar studies within this idea would in fact have influenced the choice made. The choice of analyzing how consumers from retail organization amongst this particular population would in fact consider their packaging options and knowledge allows for a singular perspective isolated from the more broadly painted view. The focus itself was on the consumers from retail organization and how they absorbed information available before deciding on packaging decisions. Overall, the respondents to the questionnaires provided insight in regard to how many individuals are learning more and more about packaging decisions. From the literature review it is evident that usually colour of the packaging which makes impact on sender or receiver of any gift. The questionnaire aims to measure the frequency to which people buy gifts for others and what are the factors they consider for the packaging. †¢ Understanding The understanding of this information gathered is proven in the statistics within the questionnaires that were completed and submitted. Each respondent have been explained the objective of study. Researcher has helped the respondents if s/he faces any difficulty in understanding any question. The research found that all respondents understood the material being requested and filled the questionnaires accordingly in timely fashion. The responses of questionnaires were filled in the database as the completed questionnaires had been received from the respondents. This information was then examined thoroughly for consistency and validity. The researcher now understands that there is a great deal of diversity in gift buying and packaging behaviour among the consumers from retail organization. Respondents can learn about better packaging options through their own personal research, their parents, friends or other family members. †¢ Findings The questionnaire included demographic details like of the respondents Demographic Profile †¢ Age Large section of the respondents (41. 5%) fall under the age group of 22-30 years old, followed by people within the age group of 41-50 years who are 20% of the total respondents. Approximately 15% of the total respondents fall under the age group of 18-21. Figure III. 1 Age of Respondents Ethnic background: 43% of the total respondents were from White community while 34% were Asian. Black other and Black African were 14% and 6% respectively of the total respondents. None of the respondent was from Hispanic or African background. Figure III. 2 Ethnic Origin of the Respondents Gender Majority of respondents are female with percentage of 66 while remaining 34% of the respondents are male. Figure III. 3 Gender Consumer behaviour. When respondents were asked the question â€Å"How frequently do you buy gift items? † twenty five out of sixty five responded that they buy gifts once in a month. Twenty two out of sixty five responded that they buy three to six times in a year. Nine respondents told that they buy less often gifts for anyone while the same number of respondents told that they buy gifts once in a week. No respondent told that s/he never buys any gift items. Figure III. 4 Frequency of buying Gift Items Components of Packaging on Special Occasion Colour:When consumers were asked what they feel about the statement â€Å"It feels good to receive a present in Colourful packaging on special occasions† approximately 48% of the respondent strongly agreed to the statement while 35% agreed to the statement. Remaining respondents felt they were neutral to the Colour of packaging. Figure III. 5 Colourful Packaging Respondents when asked to respond on the statement â€Å"On special occasions (like Christmas), packaging is more Colourful than normal. † Majority of them agreed to the statement. 37% of the total respondents strongly agreed to the statement while approximately 50% agreed to the statement. 10-% of the total respondents felt neutral about the statement while approximately 1% disagreed to the same. Figure III. 6 Packaging on Special Occasions Respondents were asked to respond on the shape and Colour attribute of a product. They were asked to respond on the statement â€Å"People are mostly attracted by different shapes and sizes in gift items. † 58% of the total respondents agreed to the statement while approximately 16% strongly agreed. 18% respondents were neutral to this statement while 4% disagreed. 1. 5% of respondents strongly disagreed to the statement. Figure III. 7: Colours and Shapes of Product. When respondents were asked whether or not they agree to the statement â€Å"Packaging styles vary for different occasions† 44% agreed to the statement while 30% strongly agreed. 18% were neutral to the statement and 4% strongly disagreed. Figure III. 8 Packaging Style in Different Occasions When consumers were asked about their own perception regarding shapes and Colours of the product by the statement â€Å"I am attracted to a product because of different Colours and shapes in packaging when I buy for a special occasion† approximately 40% of the total respondents agreed to the statement while 26% strongly agree to the same. 18% respondents were neutral to the same, 17% disagreed and 1. 5% strongly disagreed to the statement. Figure III. 9 Impact of Shape and Size of packaging in special occasions To the statement â€Å"Colourful and attractive packaging makes a good impression about the sender to the receiver. † Approximately 50% strongly agreed to the statement while 43% agreed to the same. 6% of the total respondents were neutral while 1. 5% strongly disagreed to it. Figure III. 10: Colourful and attractive packaging and impression about sender.

Amistad Essay example -- essays research papers

The touchiest subject that a person could bring up in the early 19th century was slavery. Many in the north were wholly against it while many in the south could not live properly without it. The Amistad case intensifies the already bitter feelings between these two parts of the country, and it shows how sectionalist our country had become. On one hand there were the northerners who couldn’t believe that these people were being held for freeing themselves, and on the other hand there were the southerners who said that the Negro’s were animals and should be sent back to Cuba to be hung. There were not only two different attitudes on what should happen to the Africans, but each group also had different opinions on how to handle the story. â€Å"The northern press made much of the story, while the southern press avoided it because they didn’t want to give the slave populations any ideas.† (8)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the Amistad landed in 1839, most people opposed slavery in the north, but many of them weren’t abolitionists, and others didn’t want to think about the subject at all. The wanted to just save the union, because if that had dispersed, all of the founding fathers work would have gone for none. â€Å"The Abolitionists seized upon the Amistad case as heavensent to abet their cause.† This was what they needed to get more support behind their cause, and to get the people who didn’t want to talk about the subject out and gossiping. On the Spaniards side there was William S. Holabird the District Attorney at that time who thought that it was an â€Å"open and shut case of murder and mutiny, and that Gedney saved the Spaniards from the blacks, and not the blacks from the Spaniards.† (19) The Africans do have many intelligent abolitionists on their side, and Lewis Tappan was one of them. The Africans attorney Roger Baldwin accompanied him, along with an abolitionist named Robert Madden. Madden was a heartfelt abolitionist whose attitude is displayed in this verse: â€Å"We are not always scourging - by the way, Tuesday in common is our flogging day. At other times we only use the whip To stir the drones and make the young ones skip. Then as to food, you may be sure we give Enough to let the wretched creatures live. The diet’s somewhat slender, there’s no doubt It would not do let them grow out.† (60) Tappan was one of the most hated men in the south, and he was the f... ...ery†¦You are great in everything else†¦Your name will descend to the latest posterity with this blot on it: Mr. Adams loves to Negroes too much unconstitutionally.† This was a nicely put hate mail, but it showed the attitude of many. Another thing that he received in the mail from a person in North Carolina was an engraved portrait of himself with a bullet hole through the forehead and the inscription â€Å"to stop the music of John Quincy Adams.† (65) Yet even with all of these dangers lurking around him, he pushed on with much determination to give the Africans their freedom. All of these events and people involved, show what the question of slavery meant to all of them. The Amistad case was a huge event in the 19th century. The verdict not nearly as important as the implications of whom was involved, and how it was taken care of. This case was about the mistreatment of a people who had no right to be looked down upon. This case was about the people who fought for it, and the passions that they shared, and the one passion they didn’t. The men involved in the Amistad case represented to sides to a case, and two philosophy’s of a country separating at a rate too fast for anyone to stop. Amistad Essay example -- essays research papers The touchiest subject that a person could bring up in the early 19th century was slavery. Many in the north were wholly against it while many in the south could not live properly without it. The Amistad case intensifies the already bitter feelings between these two parts of the country, and it shows how sectionalist our country had become. On one hand there were the northerners who couldn’t believe that these people were being held for freeing themselves, and on the other hand there were the southerners who said that the Negro’s were animals and should be sent back to Cuba to be hung. There were not only two different attitudes on what should happen to the Africans, but each group also had different opinions on how to handle the story. â€Å"The northern press made much of the story, while the southern press avoided it because they didn’t want to give the slave populations any ideas.† (8)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the Amistad landed in 1839, most people opposed slavery in the north, but many of them weren’t abolitionists, and others didn’t want to think about the subject at all. The wanted to just save the union, because if that had dispersed, all of the founding fathers work would have gone for none. â€Å"The Abolitionists seized upon the Amistad case as heavensent to abet their cause.† This was what they needed to get more support behind their cause, and to get the people who didn’t want to talk about the subject out and gossiping. On the Spaniards side there was William S. Holabird the District Attorney at that time who thought that it was an â€Å"open and shut case of murder and mutiny, and that Gedney saved the Spaniards from the blacks, and not the blacks from the Spaniards.† (19) The Africans do have many intelligent abolitionists on their side, and Lewis Tappan was one of them. The Africans attorney Roger Baldwin accompanied him, along with an abolitionist named Robert Madden. Madden was a heartfelt abolitionist whose attitude is displayed in this verse: â€Å"We are not always scourging - by the way, Tuesday in common is our flogging day. At other times we only use the whip To stir the drones and make the young ones skip. Then as to food, you may be sure we give Enough to let the wretched creatures live. The diet’s somewhat slender, there’s no doubt It would not do let them grow out.† (60) Tappan was one of the most hated men in the south, and he was the f... ...ery†¦You are great in everything else†¦Your name will descend to the latest posterity with this blot on it: Mr. Adams loves to Negroes too much unconstitutionally.† This was a nicely put hate mail, but it showed the attitude of many. Another thing that he received in the mail from a person in North Carolina was an engraved portrait of himself with a bullet hole through the forehead and the inscription â€Å"to stop the music of John Quincy Adams.† (65) Yet even with all of these dangers lurking around him, he pushed on with much determination to give the Africans their freedom. All of these events and people involved, show what the question of slavery meant to all of them. The Amistad case was a huge event in the 19th century. The verdict not nearly as important as the implications of whom was involved, and how it was taken care of. This case was about the mistreatment of a people who had no right to be looked down upon. This case was about the people who fought for it, and the passions that they shared, and the one passion they didn’t. The men involved in the Amistad case represented to sides to a case, and two philosophy’s of a country separating at a rate too fast for anyone to stop.

Cognitive Theories of Human Development Essays -- Cognitive Developme

Cognitive Theories of Human Development Jean Piaget, known as the most important theorist; started the most comprehensive theory of intellectual development. Piaget was born in 1896, in Neuchatel Switzerland, and lived a full and significant life, he passed away at age 84. His father was a medieval historian, and his mother was a homemaker; she was highly emotional and her behavior disrupted the normalcy of their home. Piaget married Valentine Chatenay, and they soon welcomed three girls; Jacqueline, Lucienne, and Laurent. The Paiget’s spent much of their time observing the girls childhood development. Paiget’s success began early in life. At the age of 10 years, Piaget published an article about a sparrow. By the age of 21 years, he earned his doctorate in natural sciences. In the 1940s and 50s, he studied children and adolescents. He focused on children’s understanding of mathematical and scientific concepts; he also continued to study cognitive development and philosophical questions in epistemology. Paiget initially faced objections from his peers; by the late 1960’s and the decades to follow, many psychologists began to recognize the importance of his theories. Another significant contributor to the cognitive development theory was Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky was born in 1896, in Tsarist Russia, to a middle-class Jewish family; sadly he died at the young age of 38, due to tuberculosis. His father was banking executive and his mother was a teacher; although most of her time was spent raising their eight children. In school he was known as the â€Å"little professor.† As a young adult, he attended the University of Moscow, but his Jewish decent proved to be a struggle. Vygotsky studied law, but also dabbled in many ... ...speech†. For Vygotsky, learning preceded development. Like Piaget, Vygotsky believed that children's egocentric speech was an important part of their cognitive development. The two differed in how they viewed the purpose of egocentric speech. The main difference between social and cognitive is that cognitive development involves the construction of thought processes, including: remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood. References Crain, W.C. (2011). Theories of development: Concepts and applications (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Craig, G.J., & Dunn, D. (2010). Understanding human development (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

This Boy’s Life by Tobias Wolff Essay

ii. ‘This Boy’s Life is not only about hardship; it is also about determination and resourcefulness.’ Discuss. Wolff’s memoir This Boy’s Life positions its readers to question the ability of Tobias and his mother to ‘change [their] luck’. In the midst of the post-war conservative backlash the pair are caged by societal norms that prevent them from acheiving their ‘dreams of transformation.’ Furthermore, Tobias’ impracticality and sense of entitlement lead him to reject opportunities. Despite this, the memoir ends on an optimistic note. The reader closes the novel with the belief that the lessons the pair have learned throughout their journey may offer them a chance to improve their lives. The societal norms and expectations of the 1950’s post-war America inhibit Tobias and his mother’s ability to transform their lives. Toby’s sense of self worth is completely broken by his inability to meet the era’s stereotypes of masculinity. The notion that he ‘could not break down [his] sense of being at fault to its components’ who he is reveals his inability to reconcile his identity with social expectations. Wolff juxtaposes Toby’s ‘natural’ desire to ‘seek status’ with his complete and total discomfort with this own self. The contrast between the pacifistic and loving young boy who cries at a squirrel’s funeral and the gun-toting, rebellious teenager is a stark one. It reveals the overpowering need that Toby feels to conform. The memoir reveals that way in which Tobias’ need to fit in prevents him from pursuing success. Rather than ‘change [his] luck, as he initially intended, Tobias camouflages himself in the safety of social norms and joins the army. His choice to return to the ‘clear life of uniforms, ranks and weapons’ cements his future. He decides to commit to leading an average life through conformity rather than stay true to his i dentity and pursue his  dreams of ‘status’ and wealth. Rosemary is similarly trapped by societal customs. Post-war America designates her one position in life: the role of a housewife and mother. This convention cages her, despite her attempts to escape it. The memoir emphasises the perpetual cycle of abuse that Rosemary and her son are subjected to. The opening line of the text, ‘Our car boiled over again.’, demonstrates the repetitive and fruitless nature of Rosemary’s attempts to transform her life. The inability of the 1950’s women to escape from abuse is a prevalent element of the text. It reveals the way in which such situations were treated as normal and largely ignored. The ‘strangeness’ of the cycle of abuse and oppression ‘over the years became normal’ to both Tobias and his mother. Eventually, despite her efforts to ‘run from [men she] was afraid of, Rosemary is unable to escape the pervasive violence in her life. Both she and Tobias adopt the same view of the abuse as the rest of the society does. They opt to ignore it and turn a blind eye ‘languidly [convincing themselves] that the strange noises came from cats.’ Thus, societal expectations prevent Rosemary and Tobias from acheiving their ‘dreams of transformation.’ It is not social norms alone that hinder the pair’s progress in society. Toby’s impractical and idealistic nature also damage his chances of success. He feels a sense of entitlement that prevents him from working hard to improve his circumstances. Toby manages to lie and manipulate his way into a good school, Hill, but does not put any effort to secure his future there. Instead, he considers it his ‘desire and [his] right’ to be a part of this ‘great world.’ Even the prospect of being expelled due to failing classes does not spur him into action. He simply ‘pray[s] like a moslem’ that he will be allowed to stay. In a similar manner, he also wastes opportunities to escape granted by Mr Bolger who offers him a refuge from Dwight’s abusive household. He is ‘welcomed’ by the family, yet he does nothi ng to repay their kindness. The troubles he causes them though his actions are forgivable, but his price and inability to take responsibility for his own wrongdoings destroy his chances of remaining in his adoptive home. Tobias refuses to apologise for siphoning fuel out of the neighbours’ trucks. This ‘brings shame’ on him and incites resentment from the Bolgers who have offered him a chance to change his future. Rather than take responsibility for his actions he ‘le[aves] a dummy in [his] place to look sorry†¦but [he  is] nowhere in the neighbourhood.’ This facÃŒ §ade of regret ultimately prevents him from finding a new home. Wolff’s memoir, however, closes on an optimistic note. Toby is once again on the road, ‘posed for flight’, and journeying toward a brighter future. The passage is reminiscent of the opening of the text. The difference, however, is that this time Tobias is equipped with the resilience, resourcefulness and determination that he has gained from his troubled childhood. The final lines of the memoir are full of hope as Tobias shouts ‘hymns’ at the ‘top of [his] lungs’ and drives along the road to an uncertain but optimistic future. This causes the reader to question whether his dreams of transformation have truly been ‘saved’, or whether Toby is simply filled with the same naivety that he possessed at the beginning of the memoir. The pervasive idea of ‘transformation’ and ‘chang[ing] luck’ in Wolff’s This Boy’s Life are hindered by multiple obstacles. Social norms and Toby’s personal attributes prevent the pair from transforming their lives in the memoir. The reader is left with an overwhelming sense of optimism, however though which Tobias Wolff suggests that these ‘dreams’ may eventually be realised.

Mapping the Issue

Tammy Lin ENGL 1302 051 Brittain 5/11/12 Trimming the Fat of a Growing Problem Obesity is becoming a major problem to many Americans as well as many people around the world. Being the second cause of preventable death in the United States, obesity increases the risk of numerous adverse health problems including breast cancer, heart disease, type II diabetes, osteoarthritis, colon cancer, stroke, and more. Obesity is defined as an excess proportion of total body fat, with a person being considered obese if his or her weight is twenty percent or more above normal body weight.A common way to measure obesity is by calculating the body mass index. An individual is considered overweight if his or her BMI is between twenty five and thirty, while a person is seen as obese if his or her BMI is over thirty. With that said, it has been estimated that sixty million Americans twenty years and older are obese, which makes up thirty percent of the adult population; meanwhile, nine million children and teenagers ages six to nineteen are overweight. The number of overweight and obese Americans has increased since 1960, a trend that shows no sign of slowing down.In this paper I will review three main positions regarding the issue of ways to approach the multiplying rate of obesity. First, there are those who advocate for the implementation of fat taxes. With the administration of taxes on unhealthy foods and drinks, this group believes that it will significantly discourage the consumption of such foods and will, in turn, promote healthy and responsible eating. Second, there are those who remain persistent in maintaining the privacy of one’s decision making concerning food intake.With the expansion of diverse kinds of food production, this group considers an individual’s food preference as unique, exclusive, and personal. Third, there are those who believe that lowering the costs of healthy foods will encourage the purchase of nourishing and health-benefiting foods. They embrace the belief that most people would eat healthier if the food was more affordable. The first position is the support of fat taxes. The people who stand in this position are those who are concerned with America’s public health issue today, especially the issues centering on obesity. Lisa Baertlin recently ublished an article on Reuters, an international news agency headquartered in the UK, entitled â€Å"Battle Lines Drawn over Soda, Junk Food Taxes† in response to the the wide-growing obesity epidemic today, with the proposition that fat taxes could help save individuals their health and money. She claims that taxes could help make up for the at least one hundred and forty seven billion dollars spent on treating diseases related to obesity and fund programs that battle for this issue. According to U. S. lawmakers, soda tax is one of the most probable sources that would most likely be used to tackle healthcare reform.In relativity to the taxing of cigarettes , these people believe that by taxing soda, it would also similarly reduce consumption and its revenue stream; by taxing more than ten percent for beverages, purchases would be cut down by eight to ten percent. According to a recent Thomson Reuters survey included within Baertlin’s article, â€Å"about fifty-eight percent of Americans are willing to bear a tax increase of one percent or more to support healthcare reform† (Baertlin 1), which proves that more than half of American citizens are willing to take a step forward for the promotion of a healthy nation.Writers like Baertlin sympathize with those who are in the center of the public health crisis today, specifically â€Å"overweight adolescents who are starting to suffer problems that used to plague middle-aged adults† (1). Baertlin herself is in favor of administering fat taxes and is certain that levies on fattening foods are an essential factor of any anti-obesity endeavor. The food industry plays a larg e part in the causes of obesity. Most food companies are culpable of false advertisement, which swallows consumers into their too-good-to-be-true trends.Journalist Karlee Weinmann contributed a piece to Business Insider concerning food companies’ false advertisement. In the article â€Å"14 False Advertising Scandals That Cost Brands Millions†, Weinmann states that for companies that cross the line to making false claims, it can cost millions of dollars, while also having to face public negativity. However, even with all this said, will companies modify their marketing policies for the greater good, or will they uphold their profits as far more important than a consumer’s right to know the truth?More than likely, most brands will continue to false advertise their products, which is why these people in this group believe that fat taxes are efficient in lowering consumption of soda and other health-stripping foods. According to Weinmann, â€Å"there’s a bi g difference between pushing the truth and making false claims. Is a product really ‘scientifically proven’, and are ‘results guaranteed’? † (Weinmann 1). Food brands such as Activia yogurt, Splenda, Kashi, and Eclipse gum have been caught with such false advertisement scandals; the more unhealthy the food really is, the more beneficial its company would make it seem.Writers like Weinmann identify with those who have been misled by deceitful food claims made by the companies they trusted. Therefore, supporters of fat taxes are certain that the implementation of fat taxes would solve these complications by creating more awareness and heedfulness when consumers purchase junk foods. The second position is the promotion of health education and that one’s food choice should not be hindered or influenced to reduce obesity. The people who stand in this position believe that an individual should have choices in the items he or she buy, and be guilt-fre e.In the article â€Å"Childhood Obesity: A Global Public Health Issue† published in International Journal of Preventive Medicine†, writer Amar Kanekar states that the main cause of childhood obesity in today’s public health crisis in both developed and underdeveloped countries is because of the disproportion between the child’s caloric intake and the calories effectively used for growth/development and physical activities. To these people, what we eat is not the sole reason of the cause of obesity; genetic, behavioral, and environmental are all constituents of childhood obesity.Moreover, many health-related risks are present when a child is obese; negative body-image and low self-esteem inevitably result in psychological and social issues. Cardiovascular disease, increased cholesterol levels, and high blood pressure are all possible potential health risks involved and that there is, indeed, â€Å"preventive programs that help regulate obesity by educatin g individuals about healthy nutrition and diseases† (Kanekar 2). According to a report presented from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, in the years of 2007-2008, there was an estimation that â€Å"16. % of children and adolescent in the age group of 2-19 years were obese†¦The data collected for the same period shows that the adolescent (age group 12-19 years) obesity has increased from 5. 0 to 18. 1%† (2). By letting people know about health hazards and the importance of physical exercise, the chance of obesity could greatly decrease. Those who are pro-food-choice would side with Kanekar in that they believe there should not be any direct government intervention with food costs, but that there should be a public informing of the effects commonly eaten unhealthy foods would result in.Kanekar, Baertlin, and Weinmann all believe that the prevalence of obesity seen in children and adults is increasing and that some form of action must be done. While th ese writers see and support the benefits of the reduction of junk food intake, Kanekar is more focused on declaring health education, with the hope of lowering BMI and the rate of weight gain. All three authors recognize the importance of lowering consumption of fatty foods, but the position here does not endorse the advocating of fat taxes. The third position is lowering the costs of healthy foods.The people who stand in this position believe that by decreasing the costs of healthful foods sold, there would be a habit shift in the people’s purchases of fatty foods to foods that are much more nutritional. Journalist Katherine Bauer published an article entitled â€Å"Price and Availability Matter† in Room for Debate, a running commentary by outside contributors from The New York Times, where she states the â€Å"lack of access to high quality, reasonably priced fruits and vegetables and other healthful foods has been associated with poorer diets and, in many cases, hi gher risk for obesity.This is especially true among lower-income individuals whose purchasing habits are more sensitive to the cost of food† (Bauer 1). There is strong evidence that shows a clear impact between change in food access and the pricing on one’s purchasing habits. For example, there are programs that decrease the cost of healthier foods, which resulted in the increased purchasing of the healthier foods. Cheaper prices on healthy foods reduce one’s weight, even if the cost of junk foods remains the same price. A news report conducted from the USDA observed the BMI of children and how it changed in correlation to food prices.It was shown that â€Å"if the price of 100% juice decreases 10%, BMIs decreased . 3%. The same process works for lowfat milk (. 35% decrease) and dark, leafy vegetables (. 28% decrease)† (2). Moreover, Bauer identifies with those who receive low-income and struggle with the purchase of healthy foods, and also with those who believe that it is not only the wealthy that ‘deserve’ the most benefits from the healthy aisles in the food market. Bauer’s views is relatively similar with Baertlin, Weinmann, and Kanekar, in that public attitudes towards obesity and obesity policy should be given much more ttention than it is now, but Bauer herself has a different approach in this matter, especially from Kanekar. She believes that health education may not be sufficient enough to cause a significant awareness in individuals that junk foods should no longer be habitually purchased. Instead, she considers the perspective that by lowering healthy foods, there would be an effective overall change in the nation’s weight and BMI and that the idea would more readily fit within one’s budget.Works Cited Page Baertlein, Lisa. â€Å"Battle lines drawn over soda, junk food taxes. † Reuters [Los Angeles] 1 Sept 2009, n. pag. Print. Katherine, Bauer. â€Å"Price and Availability Matter. † New York Times. (2011): 1-2. Web. 5 Apr. 2012. Kanekar, Amar. â€Å"Childhood Obesity: A Global Public Health Issue. † Int J Prev Med. (2011): 2. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. Weinmann, Karlee. â€Å"14 False Advertising Scandals That Cost Brands Millions. † Business Insider. (2011): 1-2. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. <www. businessinsider. com>.

Themes – of Mice and Men

Of Mice and Men, a novella written by John Steinbeck, is a tragedy incorporating a hero with a tragic flaw, a climax, and a tragic resolution. The title of the novella, â€Å"Of Mice and Men†, is the first clue to Steinbeck’s specific cultural issues. The title is a line taken from a poem called, â€Å"To a Mouse†, by Robert Burns. This poem talks about man’s enslavement to forces of both elemental and human nature which cannot be controlled, destroying hopes and dreams. This stems into the theme of the loss of the American Dream. Along with alienation, the American Dream is a major theme explored throughout the course of the novel.Of Mice and Men is a story about the nature of human dreams and aspirations and the forces that work against them. Humans give meaning to their lives by creating dreams. George and Lennie's dream — to own a little farm of their own — is so central to Of Mice and Men that it appears in some form in five of the six c hapters. The telling of the story, which George has done so often, becomes a ritual between the two men: George provides the narrative, and Lennie, who has difficulty remembering even simple instructions, finishes George's sentences.To George, this dream of having their own place means independence, security, being their own boss, and, most importantly, being â€Å"somebody. † To Lennie, the dream is like the soft animals he pets: It means security, the responsibility of tending to the rabbits, and a sanctuary where he won't have to be afraid. This theme not only applies to George and Lennie, but also to Candy and Crooks. To Candy, who sees the farm as a place where he can assert a responsibility he didn't take when he let Carlson kill his dog, it offers security for old age and a home where he will fit in.For Crooks, the little farm will be a place where he can have self-respect, acceptance, and security. Having and sharing the dream, however, are not enough to bring it to l ife. Each man must make a sacrifice or battle some other force that seeks to steal the dream away. Some of these obstacles are external – the threat from Curley's wife, Curley's violence, and the societal prejudices that plague each man; others are internal – Lennie's strength and his need to touch soft things. For George, the greatest threat to the dream is Lennie himself; ironically, it is Lennie who also makes the dream worthwhile.In addition to dreams, humans crave contact with others to give life meaning. Alienation is present throughout this novel. On the most obvious level, we see this isolation when the ranch hands go into town on Saturday night to ease their loneliness with alcohol and women. Similarly, Lennie goes into Crook's room to find someone with whom to talk, and later Curley's wife comes for the same reason. Crooks says, â€Å"A guy goes nuts if he ain't got nobody. Don't make no difference who the guy is, long's he's with you. † Even Slim ment ions, â€Å"I seen the guys that go around on the ranches alone.That ain't no good. They don't have no fun. After a long time they get mean. † George's taking care of Lennie and the dream of the farm are attempts to break the pattern of loneliness that is part of the human condition. Similarly, Lennie's desire to pet soft things comes from his need to feel safe and secure, to touch something that gives him that feeling of not being alone in the world. For Lennie, the dream of the farm parallels that security. George and Lennie, however, similarly to the American Dream, are not the only characters who struggle against loneliness.Although present in all the characters to some degree, the theme of loneliness is most notably present in Candy, Crooks, and Curley's wife. They all fight against their isolation in whatever way they can. Until its death, Candy's dog stopped Candy from being alone in the world. After its death, Candy struggles against loneliness by sharing in George an d Lennie's dream. Curley's wife is also lonely; she is the only female on the ranch, and her husband has forbidden anyone to talk with her. She combats her loneliness by flirting with the people on the ranch. Crooks is isolated because of his skin colour.As the only black man on the ranch, he is not allowed into the bunkhouse with the others, and he does not associate with them. Of Mice and Men is a novella that tries to explain what it means to be human. Man is a very small part of a very large universe; in the greater scheme of things, individuals come and go and leave very little, lasting marks. Yet deep inside all people is a longing for a place in nature — the desire for the land, roots, and a place to call â€Å"home. † Steinbeck explores the themes of the America Dream and alienation to portray the uncertainty of success.

Human growth and developement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human growth and developement - Essay Example 1. Development proceeds from the head downward. This is called the Cephalocaudle principle. This principle describes the direction of growth and development. According to this principle, the child gains control of the head first, then the arms, and then the legs. Infants develop control of the head and face movements within the first two months after birth. In the next few months, they are able to lift themselves up by using their arms. By 6 to 12 months of age, infants start to gain leg control and may be able to crawl, stand, or walk. Coordination of arms always precedes coordination of legs. 2. Development proceeds from the center of the body outward. This is the principle of Proximodistal development that also describes the direction of development. This means that the spinal cord develops before outer parts of the body. The child's arms develop before the hands and the hands and feet develop before the fingers and toes. Finger and toe muscles are the last to develop in physical development. 3. Development depends on maturation and learning. Maturation refers to the sequential characteristic of biological growth and development. ... Finger and toe muscles are the last to develop in physical development. 3. Development depends on maturation and learning. Maturation refers to the sequential characteristic of biological growth and development. The biological changes occur in sequential order and give children new abilities. Changes in the brain and nervous system account largely for maturation. These changes in the brain and nervous system help children to improve in thinking or cognitive and motor or physical skills. 4. Development proceeds from the simple to the more complex. Children use their cognitive and language skills to reason and solve problems. For example, learning relationships between things, or classification, is an important ability in cognitive development. The cognitive process of learning how an apple and orange are alike begins with the most simplistic or concrete thought of describing the two. Seeing no relationship, a preschool child will describe the objects according to some property of the object, such as color. Such a response would be, "An apple is red or green and an orange is orange." The first level of thinking about how objects are alike is to give a description or functional relationship between the two objects. "An apple and orange are round" and "An apple and orange are alike because you eat them" are typical responses of three, four and five year olds. As children develop further in cognitive skills, they are able to understand a higher and more complex relations hip between objects and things; that is, that an apple and orange exist in a class called fruit. The child cognitively is then capable of classification. 5. Growth and development is a continuous process. As a child develops, he or she adds to the skills already acquired and the new skills

Micro-Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Micro-Economics - Essay Example He also traces the  confusion  to the non-availability of  attractive  homes at  many  parts of the country, a  case  that is making the  available  buyers  lack  the houses they could want for  purchase. This view  was  however challenged,  by chief Economist Paul Dales, arguing that, since 30 years  back, there has been an excess supply of one million homes, available to be traded. He  further  cites the poor economic situation, as the cause for the decreased level of home purchases in the past. The author cites another problem, which could be hampering the supply-demand stability of the home market, as the acutely decreasing  home  prices. From the different accounts, the debate ends with no clear definition of the problem facing the homes’ market in the U.S (Timiraos  1). However, the author integrates the different versions of the explanations, into the  causes for the confusion facing the US homes’  market. These include  the availability of many homes at the  wrong  places, where customers are not willing to buy, which is  the result of the housing boom; the overpricing of the many homes available for sale – an effect of the d eclining inventory; and the short sale cases, which make up the bigger part of the market. The economic concepts illustrated through the information include the concept of demand, where the shifts in  the demand  curve  are depicted  through the changing preferences of buyers, where the  case  is that, despite the availability of about a million homes for sale, the buyers cannot find the homes they want to  purchase. In the area of  buyer  expectations, the buyers are not willing to  buy  the homes, which  are located  at the far-flung locales. The concept of demand  is clearly depicted  through the case of the  inflated  home prices, of the homes that are available for sale, as a result of the declining inventory. This case is  thus, leading to decreasing demand, in response to the increased prices. The

Analyse geopolitical risk of refugees fleeing from Libya to Europe Essay - 1

Analyse geopolitical risk of refugees fleeing from Libya to Europe - Essay Example Instead, now the greatest threat to Europe’s geopolitical stability is external. Europe has been final destination of majority of immigrants from Africa, Middle East, and Asia. However, after the eruption of democratic revolution, ‘Arab Spring’, in 2011 in Tunisia, which swiftly spread to Syria, Egypt, and Libya, the enormous number of refugees and asylum seekers from these countries and other parts of Africa have been risking own lives in overcrowded, decaying boats to enter Europe. According to the reports of Frontex, the European Union’s border control agency, over millions of migrants from Northern Africa, especially from Libya, have attempted to enter Europe via Mediterranean Sea route in the last 2 years. Libya, which is currently suffering from the clashes between two rival governments and their militia, possesses a serious threat to stability and peace in Europe as major terrorists organizations are regularly threatening to infiltrate Europe with a great number of terrorists through massive migrant flow from Libya to Europe’s s outhern coast. Furthermore, the economic burden and the ineffectiveness of EU to tackle the issue of Libyan refuges is intensifying political and social unrest in affecting states, like Italy, Malta, and France. The present paper highlights the growing issue of North African refugees in Europe, which is significantly affecting the geopolitical stability and peace in the region. The root causes of rapidly increasing number of African refugees fleeing to Europe lies in the 2011 Arab spring and ineffective policies of the EU towards it. In 2011, widespread demonstrations against housing shortages and political corruption in Libya quickly turned into violent clashes between government forces and anti-government rebels. In April 2011, when the Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi was about to succeed in crushing growing opposition of rebels, the US and major European

Qualitative analysis using the transcript provided Essay - 1

Qualitative analysis using the transcript provided - Essay Example I am like a pig stuck in the middle of everything. I want to do my job well. I want to help the people in the community but I have to also listen to the people in charge of me because they are my bosses. They say one thing, the people out there, they want something else. What can I do? Sometimes my hands are tied up. But I do try to do things to make a difference to the people out there – those ones in the rural communities in the district. There are many things which they are facing which can affect their health these days. Maybe I can help them to sort some of this out by working with them. P. Yes. It’s me. There’s nobody else. I deliver training on health issues such as hygiene. I try to help people to understand how they need to wash their hands before they prepare food or something like that...the children, they can get so sick with running stomachs which is bad. Or sometimes, if there is an outbreak, then I will do something different, something about what the trouble is. If there is cholera it is not about prevention it is about action and it needs to be quick and co-ordinated. But it is difficult for some people when they do not have soap or when they have to fetch water from some other place or people are sick and cannot work in the fields. Umm, but really it’s not for me to tell people what to do. I am not their mother or their father but I can try to help them to understand how they can help themselves. Sometimes they listen and sometimes they don’t. The old ones sometimes say ‘who is this young thing who is coming to tell us what it do when we have lived all this time?’ Hopefully you are just putting things into people’s heads and, you know, making them think that next time they will do something. Maybe if they are worried and they can speak to you if you are friendly. So yeah, it is only me that does†¦it can be a struggle†¦(fades off). P. Me, I am the one who does

Build Employee Loyalty with Alternative HR Benefits Essay

Build Employee Loyalty with Alternative HR Benefits - Essay Example ed in prioritizing the employees and the members of the workforce is more essential than the operational and maintenance costs that can be saved in having people work in short terms or in laying employees off, which can be considered as the main trend in the current business world due to the different crisis experienced both in the national and the international community (Reichheld & Teal 96). There are different advantages that can be derived from the maintenance and improvement of employee loyalty. One is the improvement in terms of the quality of work delivered by the employees on the basis of different reasons that can be considered as the management techniques of the company. The employees that are satisfied and motivated in the responsibilities held can be considered to positively contribute to the uplifting of the whole organization (Reichheld & Teal 96). Another is the achievement of the important contribution of the employees in the process of maintaining customer loyalty. It had been considered that the loyalty of the clientele of a particular company can significantly be related to the loyalty of the employees. In addition, the importance that is given to the loyalty of the clients should be the same for the loyalty of the employee to be able to achieve the success that the organization is aiming for (Reichheld & Teal 96). In the trade and business, the loyalty of the employees is promoted on the basis of the need to maintain the trade secrets and techniques of a particular company. This is important specifically due to the fact that the clients along with the different methods within an organization are entrusted to an employee. Due to this reason, employees have the responsibility to keep the trust of the company. This can be considered a duty but the quality of work as well as the dedication of the employees can be related to the loyalty which can be incurred through different methods within the administration and management of the company

Ethics and Business Essay Example for Free

Ethics and Business Essay The chief executive officers of any existing company are liable to meet the expected objectives as layed down by the shareholders of the company. The most significant of all factors of production is manpower basing the fact on the potential manipulation of this factor. All the other factors of production tend to assume a stable status of manipulative capabilities. The ultimate goal of any company is to maximize profits, which is only achievable through a coherent ethical considerations of personnel issues in the company. The employees of any existing company are hardly the consumers of goods and services of that respective company but rather beneficiaries in terms of wages and benefits. In a situation where the company in located in specific area where the living standard of surrounding community is high, it faces dire danger of satisfying the living requirements of the potential employee. In contrast, the right policy as regards the location of such a company should be towards the less developed area yet laying marketing strategies that would yield successful and profitable disposal of the goods and services, the outcome of products of that company. Factors that may cause the rise in the cost of production: The appropriate remunerations packages and benefits of the employees is a matter of crucial concern in any company. There exists a direct relationship between the required remuneration packages and benefits for employees and the level of development of the area from which the employees reside. If the company cannot meet the expected standard of living of the employees as dictated by the living level, the morale and motivation of the employees is unachieved. This may result to poor levels of production and strikes to the extreme negative side (Cory 2004 p 45-49) The nature of the area may also require some stringent measures of safety regulations. These measures may be costly both in terms of time and money. The safety measures, which are internal to a company, raises the production cost of the company. The extra margin is of crucial significance towards uplifting the company’s profits for the benefit for the shareholders (Cory 2004 p57-59) Environmental regulations have a similar trend of a direct relationship between the location of an enterprise and the environment. An expensive system of waste disposal is required of the company because the environment requires special expensive disposal facilities (Cory 2004 p 67-69) A positive moral decision in relocating the company or retaining the company to the current location is necessary. Moral decision-making Several factors should be considered in the decision making process to come up with a moral and ethical solution. Finding facts is very crucial which should be followed by an appeal to values. Dealing with moral issues have different approaches. According to Utilitarian Approach, ethical actions qualifies to be moral only when they strike a balance of good over evil (Cory 2004 p 101-104) The greatest good for the greatest number of people is the qualification of an ethical action. The choice of the action is determined by the greatest benefits and the least harm. The effect of each action benefits and harm should be the guide to choice among the various courses of actions available (Cory 2004 p 98-99) According to the Rights Approach ethical actions are based on the ability of a person to choose what actions are beneficial for their lives while respecting the moral rights of others (Cory 2004 p 102-103) The fairness of justice approach is based on Aristotle’s teachings that â€Å"equals should be treated equally and unequals treated unequally† (Cory 2004 p 115-117) Issues of favoritism on one side and discrimination on the other are of crucial importance in the course of action. The Common Good approach explains an ethical action of an individual is being of good and beneficial to the community. The action should achieve healthcare, public safety, peace, legal justice and clean environment (Cory 2004 p 83-85) For the full development of our humanity we should strive towards certain ideals. This is the ethical framework of the Virtual Approach. Character traits or attitudes inherent in individuals aid the highest potential development. Example of these virtues that help us to pursue our ideals includes honesty, courage, compassion, generosity, fidelity, integrity, fairness, self-control and prudence (Cory 2004 p 77-78) They become the characteristics of a person once acquired which is crucial to individual action that are consistent with moral principles (Cory 2004 p 64-67) Through the use of the five approaches of dealing with moral problems, the most important ethical considerations are highlighted as a basis for deliberations. Possible relocation areas Mexico: Labour, health, safety and environment factors are favourable in a number of border cities in Mexico. The wages are extremely low, and $ 3 per day compared to $15 per hour in America and this is a cause of employees’ resignations. However, labour turnover is high. There is also a high toxic chemical exposure tolerance and less strict environmental laws. However, due to high instances of birth defects that raise protest from health groups the plant relocation may be subject to adverse publicity. Cory 2004 p 104-105) Philippines: to the advantage of the company labor costs in Philippines is $1 per day while safety, health and environment regulation are similar to those in Mexico. Opposition against the effects of safety, health and environment hazards such as cancer and birth defects are silent. South Africa: there are positive conditions but less favourable economic terms. South Africa as compared to Mexico and Philippines. Labour cost is $10 per day and a possible future pressure to increase the package due to the existence of a strong labour union movement. Health and safety measures and exposure to toxic chemicals are fields that have not been ignored. Cory 2004 p 106-107) These are the actual facts concerning the possible relocation sites for Electrocop Company in the US. The facts will require some ethics or morality to come up with a final decision. This involves analysis of any conflict of negative effect to people, animals and environment, institutions and society. The outcome of the decision to people and the community and any possible stakeholders should also be explored while making consultations to the relevant persons. The final decision should be the one the most good effects to the people and least harm. The rights and dignity of stakeholders should be withheld. Common goodness should be promoted and a full participation community. Society Company or family uplifted. The option of choice should enhance the character development of valued individual, professional or societal traits. All these perspectives are significant in taking the most appropriate option. Conclusion The chief executive officer of Elecrocorp is exposed to options of relocation in Mexico, Philippines and South Africa from the United States. The current site of operations is a threat to perpetual progress of the plant and faces a close down in the near future. Although it is a major employer, the risk of closure is of no benefit to its employees. In consideration of balance between continued business operations and ethical moral effects of its relocation, South Africa offers the best alternative site to its current site in the US.